解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::A child with interstitial deletion of chromosome 17, right optic nerve hypoplasia, and impaired speech had bilateral congenital optic disc pigmentation, giving the appearance of gray optic discs. This appearance did not change over a period of two-and-a-half years. Previous cases of gray optic discs in neonates have b...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(89)90013-1
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With an occurrence of approximately 1 in 3000 births, von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF) is one of the most common inherited human disorders. NF is considered a neurocristopathy, a disorder of neural crest derived cells. One of the complications of NF is the development of neural crest derived malignancies such...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(89)90014-3
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Through the efforts of Dr. Townley Paton, eye banks were founded in New York in the early 1940s. Since that time there has been steady growth in both the supply of and demand for donor material. A number of factors have contributed to the success of eye banks in the U.S.A., including improvements in eye banking techni...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(82)90151-5
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinitis pigmentosa is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders in which there is progressive loss of photoreceptor and pigment epithelial function. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa is between 1/3000 and 1/5000 making it one of the most common causes of visual impairment in all a...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90085-9
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 63-year-old man developed bilateral conjunctival injection and irritation followed by periocular discomfort and diplopia. Within weeks left proptosis and intermittent fever were noted. Orbital CT scan showed bilateral nodular enlargement of multiple extraocular muscles. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the extraocul...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90087-2
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are few records detailing the techniques and tribulations of early American surgeons who dared venture into the treacherous recess of the human orbit. The authors present a recently discovered letter written by a young woman who in 1841 underwent an orbital operation performed by the prominent New York City surg...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90163-4
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coats'-like changes (i.e., retinal telangiectasia and/or exudative detachment) have been reported in as many as 1.2 to 3.6 percent of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. In severe cases this disorder may progress to total retinal detachment and visual loss in the context of longstanding retinitis pigmentosa. Forty-six...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90094-x
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Posterior scleritis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of many ocular conditions, including angle closure glaucoma, choroidal folds, optic disk edema, circumscribed fundus mass, choroidal detachment, and exudative retinal detachment. Because it is rare, a high index of suspicion is necessary. Anterior sc...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90093-8
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves a progressive impairment of the outer layers in the center of the retina. Experimental studies have demonstrated that bright light preferentially damages precisely the region that degenerates in AMD. The evidence that solar radiation is responsible for some of the deteri...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90174-9
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case is presented of a 16-year-old anticoagulated, immunocompromised male presenting with a blind, proptotic left eye, total ophthalmoplegia, and central retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmic examination revealed other features of the orbital apex syndrome. Mucormycosis misdiagnosed as a traumatic orbital hemorrhage ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(87)90106-8
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The court decisions included in this article reflect judicial attitudes towards medicolegal cases in most states. The courts have defined and amplified issues of informed consent, the physician's duty to warn patients and protect third parties, the limitations of the "Good Samaritan" statute, the responsibility of the...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(87)90071-3
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An 81-year-old-woman developed a right facial palsy and orbital cellulitis following an apparently innocuous puncture injury of the right lower eyelid. Generalized tetanus ensued which proved fatal despite aggressive treatment including use of tetanus immune globulin, wound debridement, and neuromuscular blockade with...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(87)90118-4
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) is a localized detachment of the sensory retina in the macula which is commonly seen by the general ophthalmologist. However, ICSC with bullous retinal detachment is a rare disease characterized by extensive sensory retinal detachment of the posterior pole and elsewhe...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(86)90036-6
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the use of special immune and enzymatic histochemical techniques, ocular pathologists are able to detect and localize certain cytoplasmic antigens and proteins in tissue section. An immunoperoxidase stain and special enzyme histochemical technique were used to confirm leukemic ocular involvement in a patient who ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(86)90081-0
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical syndrome of divergence paralysis has been described since the mid 19th century. Speculation still surrounds the possible existence of an anatomical center for divergence function. Our report explores this possibility and describes the magnetic resonance images of a patient with a unilateral 6th nerve pals...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(86)90094-9
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nonocular manifestations of parenteral drug abuse are presented to familiarize the ophthalmologist with this ever growing, medical and psychosocial problem. The ophthalmologist, like other primary care physicians, may be the first professional to encounter these patients whose substance abuse may lead to a wider s...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(86)90063-9
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is an uncommon cause of childhood uveitis. However, the ophthalmologist familiar with the clinical features of childhood sarcoidosis can play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Two subsets of pediatric sarcoidosis are identified. The 8-15 year age group has almost universal lung in...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(86)90118-9
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorus (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) represents a noninvasive technique for the assessment of ocular metabolism. The measurement of a spectrum of phosphorus-containing metabolites (e.g., phosphorylated sugars and ATP), including a number of heretofore uncharacterized metabolites, can be made with a single...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(85)90063-3
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Once we understand that an increase in the size of the optic disk cup is due to loss of optic nerve fibers combined with some physical tissue rearrangements, it is quite clear that cupping begins as soon as nerve loss begins. Methods to detect cupping are more sensitive to the earliest glaucoma damage than are present...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(85)90080-3
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that postoperatively radiographic examinations be limited to the area of pathology. The patient presented here complained of visual difficulties two years after transphenoidal removal of a pituitary prolactinoma. His endocrinologist ordered what he believed to be the appropriate computed tomog...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(85)90090-6
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical and histopathologic features of Axenfeld's anomaly and Rieger's anomaly and syndrome are reviewed, and recent findings regarding the pathogenesis of this spectrum of developmental disorders are discussed. Based on these observations, it has been suggested that a developmental arrest, in the third trimeste...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(85)90205-x
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A melanocytoma (magnocellular nevus) is a benign pigmented tumor that may arise wherever uveal melanocytes are present. The most commonly observed site is on or adjacent to the optic nerve head. In the past this tumor was frequently misdiagnosed as a malignant melanoma and many unnecessary enucleations were carried ou...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(85)90107-9
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyogenic granulomas are vasoproliferative, inflammatory lesions composed of granulation tissue, which occur on cutaneous or mucosal tissues, often arising secondary to other processes such as trauma or infection. Conjunctival pyogenic granulomas are not rare, but corneal involvement is very unusual and can occasionall...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(84)90204-2
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging techniques provides the physician with a non-invasive means of obtaining anatomic, physiologic and biochemical information about neuro-ophthalmic disorders. The authors summarize the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and present a case report illustr...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(84)90116-4
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ocular tissues, like those of other organs, exhibit limited morphologic reactions to trauma, i.e., hyperemia, abrupt vasodilation, increased blood flow; increased permeability of blood vessels, edema and increased tissue pressure (disrupted blood-ocular barrier); and later, a cellular inflammatory response. The cystoi...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(84)90236-4
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The light and electron microscopic findings are reviewed in two patients who had eyes enucleated for peripheral choroidal malignant melanomas. Preoperatively, cystoid macular edema was documented by fluorescein angiography in the melanoma-containing eye in both patients. Intracytoplasmic swelling (edema) of the Müller...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(84)90233-9
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lasers have become an indispensable tool in management of many ocular disorders. This review describes the principles of lasers and the effects various laser modalities and wavelength modalities can produce on ocular structure. Guidelines are provided for appropriate selection of various wavelengths and prevention of ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(84)90244-3
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ocular hypertension (intraocular pressure greater than or equal to 21 mm Hg, normal visual fields, normal optic discs, open angles, and the absence of any contributing ocular disease) occurs in 4-10% of the population over age 40. The question of whether to treat ocular hypertensive patients remains controversial. The...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(83)90136-4
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible applications of biofeedback to the treatment of ophthalmologic disorders is reviewed. Studies have suggested utility in the management of blepharospasms, strabismus, nystagmus, and other eye movement disorders as well as the training of voluntary control of accommodation. Limitations of the current litera...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(83)90195-9
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research on classical red-green blind observers has shown that complete dichromacy may be present only under conditions where the viewing angle is small. For viewing angles greater than about 4 degrees, both rods and an anomalous cone have been shown to underlie a weak form of trichromacy. The conditions for ro...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(83)90230-8
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lysosomal enzymes are distributed widely in various ocular tissues. Among these tissues, the uvea and retina show the higher enzyme activities of acid phosphates, beta-blucuronidase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, arylsulfatase, cathepsin D, cathepsin B and others. The particular role of lysosomal enzymes in the...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(83)90125-x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparison has been made between pars plana lansectomy and intracapsular cataract extraction Pars plana lensectomy has been shown to have many advantages. It is applicable to any age, while intracapsular cataract extraction is restricted to patients over 30 years old. It can be used in any type of cataract, whereas ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(82)90191-6
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of its uniqueness, the eye has long been a favored site for immunological study. It is a highly active tissue immunologically, with virtually all types of immune reactions present. This article reviews the ocular immune response, chorioretinal diseases with immunologic features, and immunology of ocular tumors...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(81)90155-7
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 85 eyes (75 patients) with pseudogliomas (i.e., certain conditions which simulate retinoblastoma, were examined histopathologically to determine the incidence of rubeosis iridis. Neovascularization of the anterior surface of the iris was found in 70 eyes (82%). The principal associated changes in these eyes...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(80)90151-4
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The abundant data about retinal tears has shown that they are prevalent in the general population and that the vast majority of retinal tears do not lead to retinal detachment. What remains to be clarified are the criteria for identifying the few retinal breaks which require prophylactic surgery to prevent their progr...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(80)90149-6
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thymoxamine is an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent which works by competitive antagonism of norepinephrine. It is the only alpha-adrenergic blocker available which has tolerable side effects when used as an ophthalmic solution. When used as a 0.5% solution it consistently produces miosis without affecting the intraocul...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(80)90150-2
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sports-related eye injuries pose a substantial and preventable problem. Ophthalmologists, by educating their patients regarding the risks of eye injuries in various sports and the benefits availability of protective equipment, have the potential to prevent injury to well over 100,000 eyes each year. General guidelines...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(80)90075-2
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To diagnose the cause of chronic unilateral external ocular inflammation, the physician must take into account many factors usually not considered in bilateral cases. We report on the diagnosis and treatment of ten unilateral cases encompassing a variety of ocular and systemic problems. The purpose of this report is t...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(79)90019-5
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of sympathetic ophthalmia are helping to remove the pigmented cloud which has obstructed the view of researchers on this disease for many years. Clinical features, diagnostic testing, histopathologic variations and principles of treatment are evaluated in the context o...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(79)90018-3
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optical considerations of intraocular lenses can be understood, using only the formulae and principles taught in a typical basic science course in ophthalmology. Some of the more common optical problems associated with intraocular lenses are presented and the methods for their solutions are illustrated and explain...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(79)90146-2
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00